If you’ve ever used a tiling window manager, you know how important efficiency is to your workflow. The i3 window manager stands out because of its lightweight design and customizable nature, but the real power comes from its keybindings. Learning i3 shortcuts is the fastest way to navigate, resize, and organize windows without touching the mouse. With just a few key combinations, you can launch applications, switch between workspaces, and manage layouts in a way that makes your desktop environment feel truly under your control.

Understanding the i3 Window Manager

i3 is a tiling window manager for the X11 system. Instead of stacking windows on top of each other, it arranges them in a non-overlapping grid. This makes multitasking smoother and helps you keep track of everything happening on your screen. The default configuration relies heavily on the modifier key, often referred to as $mod. By default, this is set to either the Alt key (Mod1) or the Super/Windows key (Mod4), depending on your preference.

Once you understand the role of $mod, most commands start to feel intuitive. Opening a terminal with $mod+Enter or launching an application menu with $mod+d becomes second nature after just a few days of practice.

Default Keybindings You Need to Know

When you first install i3 and run the i3-config-wizard, it generates a configuration file with sensible defaults. These initial bindings are designed to help you get started without editing anything. Some of the most commonly used include:

• Opening a terminal: $mod+Enter
• Launching dmenu (application launcher): $mod+d
• Switching focus between windows: $mod+j/k/l/; (left, down, up, right)
• Closing a window: $mod+Shift+q

These may feel unfamiliar if you’re coming from a traditional desktop environment like GNOME or XFCE, but they quickly become second nature once you start using them daily.

One of the most powerful aspects of i3 is its ability to rearrange windows instantly. Instead of dragging with a mouse, you can use shortcuts to shift focus or move windows around your screen. For example, $mod+Shift+[arrow key] moves a window in the chosen direction, while $mod+f toggles fullscreen mode.

Resizing is equally efficient thanks to resize mode. By pressing $mod+r, you enter a state where the arrow keys adjust the size of the currently focused window. This makes splitting space between terminals, browsers, or editors quick and precise.

You can also switch between different layouts:

• Split mode (default tiling)
• Stacked mode ($mod+s)
• Tabbed mode ($mod+w)

These layout changes are especially useful for organizing multiple terminals or when working with large codebases in a tiled environment.

Floating Windows and Special Cases

Although i3 is primarily a tiling window manager, not every application works best in a tiled format. Dialog boxes, media players, or image editors often benefit from floating mode. By pressing $mod+Shift+Space, you can toggle any window into a floating state. Once floating, it can be freely moved with the mouse or positioned using keyboard commands.

This hybrid flexibility makes i3 a strong choice for developers, system administrators, and even creative professionals who need both strict tiling and occasional floating windows.

Workspaces and Multi-Monitor Navigation

Workspaces are another cornerstone of i3’s efficiency. By default, they’re numbered 1 through 10, and you can switch instantly using $mod+[number]. Moving windows between workspaces is equally straightforward with $mod+Shift+[number].

If you’re running multiple monitors, each screen can hold its own set of workspaces. This allows for a clean separation of tasks—for instance, development on one display, communication tools on another, and media on a third. The ability to navigate seamlessly across them with shortcuts saves time and eliminates unnecessary distractions.

Reloading, Restarting, and Exiting i3

Like any customizable tool, you’ll eventually want to tweak your configuration file located at ~/.config/i3/config. Fortunately, i3 makes it easy to apply changes without logging out. With $mod+Shift+c, you can reload the configuration instantly. If you need to restart i3 without closing your applications, $mod+Shift+r does the trick. When you’re done, $mod+Shift+e cleanly exits the session.

This quick cycle of editing and reloading encourages experimentation, letting you refine your setup until it perfectly matches your workflow.

Custom Keybindings for a Personal Touch

While the defaults are excellent, the real strength of i3 lies in customization. You can map nearly any command to a shortcut in your configuration file. Popular customizations include:

• Volume control: Binding XF86 media keys to pactl commands
• Brightness control: Using xbacklight or brightnessctl
• Screenshot tools: Mapping $mod+Print to scrot or flameshot
• Application-specific bindings: Launching a browser, file manager, or editor with a single keypress

These enhancements make i3 feel uniquely yours and extend its functionality far beyond the defaults.

Cheat Sheets and the Learning Curve

New users often worry that the learning curve for a tiling window manager will be steep. In reality, most people become comfortable with i3 within a week of regular use. To speed up the process, many create their own cheat sheet—a simple text file or reference card showing all their shortcuts. Some users even configure a floating terminal window that pops up with a list of keybindings when needed.

This practice not only helps with memorization but also encourages consistent use of shortcuts, turning them into muscle memory.

FAQs About i3 Shortcuts

What are the most important shortcuts to learn first?

Focus on opening a terminal, launching dmenu, switching focus between windows, and moving windows between workspaces. These form the backbone of daily navigation.

How do I resize windows in i3?

Enter resize mode by pressing $mod+r. Then use the arrow keys or j/k/l/; to adjust the window size.

Can I customize all keybindings?

Yes. The i3 config file allows complete customization. You can remap any binding to suit your preferences, including media keys and custom scripts.

How do I switch between workspaces?

Use $mod+[number] to switch instantly. To move a window to another workspace, press $mod+Shift+[number].

Does i3 support floating windows?

Yes. Toggle any window between tiling and floating mode with $mod+Shift+Space.

Is there a built-in way to view all shortcuts?

i3 doesn’t have a graphical shortcut overlay by default, but you can create your own cheat sheet or bind a script that displays keybindings in a floating window.

Conclusion

Mastering the keyboard is the secret to getting the most out of the i3 window manager. Once you internalize the basic shortcuts for launching applications, resizing windows, and moving between workspaces, you’ll find that your productivity skyrockets. The combination of tiling layouts, floating flexibility, and infinite customization makes i3 a powerful choice for anyone who values speed and efficiency. With a little practice—and perhaps a cheat sheet on hand—you’ll soon wonder how you ever managed your desktop without it.

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Owning a parrot is rewarding, but one of the biggest questions every parrot parent asks is: “What do parrots eat?” Getting the diet right is crucial because food directly impacts your bird’s health, behavior, and lifespan.

Unfortunately, many parrots suffer from poor nutrition due to misinformation or reliance on seed-only diets. This guide gives you expert-backed advice, a practical parrot feeding guide, and answers to common questions about what parrots can and cannot eat.

Why Diet Matters for Parrots

Parrots are intelligent, active birds with specific nutritional needs. A balanced parrot nutrition plan:

• Supports strong feathers and vibrant colors
• Reduces obesity and liver disease
• Boosts immunity and longevity
• Enhances mood and reduces behavioral issues

According to the Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV), nutrition-related illnesses are the most common health issues in pet parrots. That makes choosing healthy parrot food one of the most important responsibilities for bird owners.

What Do Parrots Eat in the Wild vs. As Pets?

Understanding natural diets helps guide pet care.

• Wild parrots eat a wide variety: fruits, seeds, nuts, flowers, nectar, and even small insects. Their diet changes with the seasons.
• Pet parrots need a structured diet because they lack the variety of the wild. Relying only on seeds leads to malnutrition.

That’s why a balanced parrot diet should include pellets, fresh produce, and limited seeds or nuts.

Core Components of a Healthy Parrot Diet

Parrot Pellets vs Seeds

• Pellets (formulated diets): Provide consistent, balanced nutrition. Recommended by avian vets.
• Seeds: High in fat, low in essential nutrients. Should be an occasional treat, not the main food source.

Best practice: 60–70% pellets, 20–25% fresh food, 5–10% seeds/nuts.

Fruits Safe for Parrots

Parrots love fruit, but not all are safe.

Safe options (in moderation):

• Apples (remove seeds)
• Bananas
• Grapes
• Berries
• Mango
• Papaya

Avoid: Avocado, fruit pits, and rhubarb (toxic).

Alt-text for image suggestion: “Colorful bowl of fruits safe for parrots like apples, grapes, and bananas.”

Vegetables for Parrots

Veggies should make up a big part of fresh food for parrots.

• Dark leafy greens: kale, spinach, collard greens
• Carrots, sweet potato, squash
• Peas, broccoli, bell peppers

Steer clear of onions, garlic, and raw potatoes.

Seeds and Nuts for Parrots

Seeds and nuts are high-energy foods.

• Good in moderation: sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, walnuts, almonds
• Too many can cause obesity, especially in smaller parrot species

What Human Food Is Safe for Parrots?

Parrots can share some human food, but with care.

• Safe: Cooked rice, whole grain bread (small amounts), eggs (cooked, not raw)
• Unsafe: Chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, salty or fried foods

Special Diet Considerations

Best Diet for African Grey Parrots

African greys need extra calcium. Add:

• Leafy greens
• Calcium-rich vegetables (broccoli, okra)
• Cuttlebone or mineral block supplements

What Do Baby Parrots Eat?

Baby parrots require:

• Hand-feeding formula (specialized, from pet stores or vets)
• Gradual introduction to soft fruits and pellets as they wean

How Often Should I Feed My Parrot?

• Adult parrots: 2 meals per day
• Young or baby parrots: 3–4 times daily until weaned

What Not to Feed Parrots

Here’s a quick list of foods parrots should never eat:

• Avocado
• Chocolate
• Caffeine
• Alcohol
• Salty snacks
• Raw beans (contain toxins)
• Sugary or processed food

How to Make a Balanced Diet for Parrots

• Base: High-quality pellets
• Daily: Fresh fruits and vegetables
• Weekly: Small portions of seeds/nuts
• Occasionally: Safe human food treats
• Always: Fresh water

Alt-text for infographic suggestion: “Balanced parrot diet chart showing recommended percentages of pellets, fresh food, seeds, and water.”

Expert References

1. Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV) – aav.org
2. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) – Nutritional advice on bird health
3. Cornell Lab of Ornithology – Research on parrot feeding behaviors

Conclusion

Answering “what do parrots eat” means looking beyond seeds. A proper parrot feeding guide includes pellets, fresh produce, and safe treats that mimic their natural diet. By focusing on balanced parrot nutrition, you’ll give your bird the best chance at a long, healthy, and happy life.

FAQ’s

What do parrots eat in the wild vs as pets?

Wild parrots eat fruits, nuts, seeds, flowers, and insects. Pet parrots need structured diets with pellets, vegetables, and limited seeds.

Can parrots eat bananas, apples, or grapes?

Yes, these are fruits safe for parrots, but always remove apple seeds.

Do parrots eat seeds or pellets?

Both, but pellets are healthier. Seeds should be given sparingly.

What do baby parrots eat?

Hand-feeding formula, gradually transitioning to pellets and soft produce.

Can parrots eat rice, bread, or eggs?

Yes, in moderation. Stick to cooked rice, whole grain bread, and cooked eggs.

How to make a balanced diet for parrots?

Use a pellet base, add fresh fruits and vegetables daily, and keep seeds/nuts as small treats

If you’ve ever wondered what is building gel and whether it’s the right choice for your nail services or personal manicures, you’re not alone. Nail technicians, beauty school students, and DIY nail lovers all ask the same question: How does builder gel work, and is it better than acrylics or polygel?

The nail industry continues to evolve with safer, more versatile nail enhancement products, and building gel has become a professional favorite. It allows for nail strengthening, overlays, and extensions without the harshness of traditional acrylics. In this guide, you’ll learn everything you need to know—applications, benefits, comparisons, and expert insights—so you can make informed choices for your clients or yourself.

What Is Building Gel and How Is It Used?

Building gel, also called builder gel, is a thick, viscous gel designed to strengthen and extend natural nails. Unlike regular gel polish, builder gel has a higher density, making it suitable for:

• Nail overlays – applied directly on natural nails for added strength.
• Extensions – used with nail forms or tips to create length.
• Repairing broken nails – ideal for patching cracks or chips.

It is cured under UV or LED lamps, forming a durable layer that protects nails while maintaining a natural look.

The Builder Gel Nails vs Acrylic Nails

Feature	Builder Gel Nails	Acrylic Nails
Application	Applied in gel form, cured with UV/LED	Powder + liquid monomer
Odor	Low to no odor	Strong chemical smell
Flexibility	More flexible, less likely to snap	Harder, can break under pressure
Look	Glossy, natural finish	Thick, sometimes less natural
Maintenance	Requires soak-off or filing	Can be infilled or removed

Builder gel vs acrylic: many professionals choose builder gel for its healthier application and natural finish, while acrylic remains popular for very dramatic designs.

The Builder Gel vs Hard Gel: What’s the Difference?

• Hard Gel: Cannot be soaked off; requires filing for removal.
• Builder Gel: Many formulas are soak-off and more beginner-friendly.
• Both: Strong and durable, but builder gel offers easier versatility for overlays.

Builder Gel vs Polygel: Which Is Better?

• Builder Gel: Thinner, more flexible, better for overlays and natural looks.
• Polygel: Thicker, hybrid product combining acrylic and gel properties, excellent for sculpting.
• Choice depends on: whether you want flexibility (builder gel) or structure (polygel).

Types of Builder Gel: UV and LED

• UV Builder Gel – Requires a UV lamp, slightly longer curing time.
• LED Builder Gel – Cures faster with LED lamps, popular in modern salons.

Both offer durability and shine, but LED options are preferred for efficiency.

Builder Gel Application: Step by Step

Here’s a simple outline for how to apply builder gel step by step:

1. Prep nails – Clean, buff, and dehydrate the nail surface.
2. Apply base coat – Cure under UV/LED lamp.
3. Apply builder gel – Thin layer first, then build structure gradually.
4. Cure after each layer – Ensure full hardness.
5. Shape & file – Smooth edges and refine structure.
6. Finish with top coat – Seal for shine and protection.

Tip: Avoid flooding the cuticle area—this causes lifting.

Builder Gel Benefits

• Strengthens natural nails without heavy acrylics
• Creates long-lasting overlays and extensions
• Low odor compared to acrylic systems
• Flexible and resistant to cracks
• Natural, glossy finish
• Compatible with gel polish designs

Builder Gel for Nail Extensions and Overlays

• Nail extension gel allows lengthening with forms or tips.
• Gel overlay nails reinforce natural nails without length, perfect for those with weak or brittle nails.

Many clients prefer overlays for natural nail strengthening instead of artificial length.

Is Builder Gel Safe for Natural Nails?

Yes, when applied and removed correctly. Builder gel is often considered safer than acrylics because it does not require harsh chemicals during application.

However, improper removal (e.g., aggressive filing) can damage nails. Always recommend professional builder gel removal or gentle soak-off methods.

How Long Does Builder Gel Last?

With proper application, builder gel nails typically last 3–4 weeks before needing an infill or removal.

Durability depends on:

• Nail prep quality
• Thickness of the application
• Daily activities and nail care

Builder Gel Removal

To remove safely:

• Soak-off gels: Use acetone wraps for 10–15 minutes.
• Non-soak-off gels: Require filing down by a professional.

Never peel off builder gel—it will strip natural nail layers.

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Best Builder Gel Brands (Trusted by Professionals)

• ID Builder Gel – Widely used in salons.
• Gelish Builder in a Bottle – Beginner-friendly with soak-off option.
• The Gel Bottle Inc. BIAB – Popular for overlays and strengthening.
• NSI Builder Gel – Professional-grade for extensions.

(Source: Nails Magazine, American Academy of Dermatology, Healthline)

Conclusion

Now that you understand what is building gel, you can see why it’s a favorite in modern salons and among DIY nail enthusiasts. It combines strength, flexibility, and safety, making it a versatile solution for overlays, extensions, and nail strengthening. Whether you’re a nail technician, beauty student, or simply someone who loves at-home manicures, builder gel is a valuable product to explore.

FAQ’s

What is building gel and how is it used?

It’s a thick gel used for strengthening nails, overlays, and extensions, cured under UV or LED light.

Is builder gel good for natural nails?

Yes. It strengthens weak or brittle nails and adds a protective layer.

Difference between builder gel and acrylic nails?

Builder gel is flexible, lightweight, and low odor, while acrylic is harder and more rigid.

Can builder gel be used as an overlay?

Absolutely. It’s one of the most popular uses for builder gel.

How long does builder gel last on nails?

Typically 3–4 weeks with proper prep and application.

Builder gel vs polygel: which is better?

Builder gel offers flexibility and natural look; polygel is stronger and better for sculpting.

What is the best builder gel for beginners?

Builder-in-a-bottle products like Gelish or The Gel Bottle are easy for beginners.

Is builder gel safe for nails?

Yes, when applied and removed correctly by trained hands.

How to apply builder gel step by step?

Prep nails → apply base → apply gel layers → cure → shape → top coat.